In this book, for the first time, the complexity of assessing fit and using fittings in the product design process is addressed from a scientific and systems engineering perspective. It includes methods to represent the anthropometry of the target market, good practices to develop protocols for more reliable and consistent fit testing, methods for developing and maintaining a fit database, comprehensive statistical analyses needed for fit and sizing analysis, and instructions for selecting and modeling cases for new product development.Product Fit and Sizing: Sustainable Product Evaluation, Engineering, and Designoffers step-by-step instructions for the evaluation, engineering, and design of existing and new products and includes real-world examples of mass-produced apparel, head wearables, and footwear products. It also explains how to develop a sustainable fit standard for fit and sizing continuity for all styles across all seasons and iterations.This book is intended for industry professionals and undergraduate and graduate education to prepare students for design and engineering jobs. For organizations that purchase uniforms or protective equipment and apparel, it also provides instructions for purchasing professionals to evaluate the suitability of wearable products for their population.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
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This book addresses the complexity of assessing fit and using fittings in the product design process from a scientific and systems engineering perspective. Including: how to represent the anthropometry of the target market, good practices for reliable fit testing, and comprehensive statistical analyses for fit and sizing analysis.
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Abstract 1Sustainable Product Evaluation, Engineering and Design Process (SPEED) 3 Inputs 6 Design loop 7Sizing loop 8How to use this book 13Chapter 2 Inputs and Getting Started 16 Abstract 16 Products 17 Requirements and Constraints 17 Design Concept 21 Resources 24 Tools 24Analysis & data management tools 25Questionnaires 29Anthropometry 35Manual tool assessment 42Imaging tool assessment 45Physical fit measuring tools 57Personnel and facilities 61Personnel 61Facilities 67Use of human subjects 67Test site considerations 68Target population (TP) sampling and planning 70Starting TP Sample 71Planning full TP sample 77Weighting samples 84What can go wrong 86Chapter 3 Cases and Fit Models 91Abstract 91Selecting cases 93Selecting cases with raw data 98Base size and base size case 105Multiple cases 119PCA alternative for selecting key variables 126Selecting cases with aggregate data 135Using cases to create mock-ups and prototypes 143Physical manikins 148Digital manikins 154Original point cloud 157Surfaced manikin 157Watertight surfaced manikin 157Standardized homologous watertight manikin 158Parameterized database manikin 158Chapter 4 Testing and Analysis Procedures 166Abstract 166Experimental design 169Analysis methods 174Student’s t-test 176Paired t-test (repeated measures with 2 treatments) 180Wilcoxon signed-rank test 181Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann Whitney test) 182Proportion test 182Chi-squared test for independence 184Bivariate correlation 185General Linear Models 185Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 188 Linear regression/stepwise linear regression 189 Discriminant analysis 191Logistic regression 193Design loop tests and analysis 196Pilot tests 197Stand-alone trade studies 198Comparison of two treatments using paired test design 200Comparison of two treatments using independent samples 202Comparison of three or more treatments using repeated measures design 202Comparison of three or more treatments using independent measures design 205 Prototype fit tests 205Scenario 1: First prototype iteration with just one size 209Scenario 2: Existing product with fit and sizing issues in multiple sizes 211Sizing loop tests and analysis 219Evaluating the cost versus benefit of sets of sizes 221Determining the tariff 223Size prediction 228Chapter 5 Mass Produced Apparel 231Abstract 231Background 231Fit audit and the Sustainable Fit Standard 233Grading and the Sweetspot 236Benefits of the SPEED process 239Case studies 239Case study 1: Manufacturer / retailer design, sizing, tariff, & fit standard development 240Case study 2: Assessment for purchasing an existing product aided by 3D scanning 252Case study 3: Assessment for purchasing tariff 256Case study 4: Prototype test to determine the correct alteration 262Chapter 6 Head and Face Wearables 268Abstract 268Background 268Center of mass vs neck strain 270Sensitivity to temperature 271Head orientation and alignment 272Head anthropometry 281Case studies 286Case study 1: Design loop testing of a head wearable to demonstrate use of product based head orientation 286Case study 2: Design loop testing with a non-functioning mockup including early COF 290Case study 3: Design loop updates in COF 304Case study 4: A trade study to investigate temple band closing force 309Case study 5: Design loop evaluation tools highlighting inputs to design changes 320Case study 6: Importance of fit testing to predict sizing numbers for purchasing 331Chapter 7 Footwear 339Abstract 339Background 339Issues with different footwear types 343Dress shoes and casual footwear 344Safety, protective, and occupational footwear 349Sports footwear 351Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 352Concept-of-Fit (COF) 355Subject assessment 355The Sustainable Fit Standard 358Target user profile 359Foot anthropometry and anatomy 360Foot as a static structure 361The dynamics of the foot 363Foot anthropometry methods 367Variability of the of the foot anthropometry: sex, age, demographics 371 Resources, planning, and preparation 376Case studies 379Case study 1: The design loop of casual and fashion footwear 379Case study 2: Application to footwear innovation 389Glossary 391Index 403
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Produktdetaljer

ISBN
9781032491189
Publisert
2024-09-30
Utgiver
Vendor
CRC Press
Vekt
453 gr
Høyde
234 mm
Bredde
156 mm
Aldersnivå
U, P, 05, 06
Språk
Product language
Engelsk
Format
Product format
Innbundet
Antall sider
409

Biographical note

Kathleen M. Robinette, Ph.D., is a research consultant specializing in anthropometry, biostatistics, and fit and sizing for product development and assessment. She has more than 45 years’ experience, spearheading the development, management, and transitioning of new technologies in the field of engineering anthropometry, and led the field in the development of 3-D automated human scanning and modeling for product design and evaluation. She planned, organized, negotiated, and directed the first successful 3-D whole body human measurement survey (CAESAR), which produced more than 4,000 whole body models which continue to be used around the world today. She is a Fellow of the Air Force Research Laboratory from which she retired after 30 years of service and is an Honorary Fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. She was Professor and Head of the Department of Design, Housing, and Merchandising at Oklahoma State University 2012-2015 and she established and directed the Human Factors department for Magic Leap Inc. 2015-2017 implementing fit mapping into the product development process. Kathleen has a Ph.D. in Biostatistics and Epidemiology from the University of Cincinnati, an M.S. in Mathematics/Statistics from Wright State University, and a B.A. in Anthropology from Wright State University.

Daisy Veitch, Ph.D., is currently the Director of Anthropometry for Anthrotech Inc. and has served as an anthropometry and fit consultant for commercial apparel industry for more than 25 years. She worked with Flinders Medical Center to develop and refine 3D body scanning for medical applications. She is the owner of a US design patent and has registered designs in Australia, Europe, United States, and the European Community. She also directed the Australian National Size and Shape Survey in 2002. She worked in industry for ten years doing technical garment construction and serving as product engineer for an apparel company. As a recognized expert, she was appointed as an International Judge for APDeC 2013 (Asia Pacific Design Challenge) http://apdec.net. Daisy developed her fashion and design skills in Adelaide, Australia, beginning with the Australian Wool Corporation Young Designer Award and Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Award for Young Australians, which took her to Paris, France where she studied at the La Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne. She received her Ph.D. from TU Delft (Industrial Design Engineering with a specialization in Medisign). She is a founding member of World Engineering Anthropometry Resources (WEAR) and served as Treasurer and Secretary General.

Sandra Alemany, Ph.D., is a research scientist at the Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia (IBV) and founded the Anthropometry Research Group in 2015. She led large-scale anthropometry surveys in Europe using 3D scanning technology and has experience in applying anthropometry to improve wearable fit including: footwear, electronic devices, orthotics, insoles and clothing. Recent developments include a 4D body scanner in movement and the development of two mobile apps to generate 3D body shapes from photographs. She is an expert advisor on European Standardization Committees of Anthropometry and Size System of Clothing and an expert reviewer of R&D projects for the European Commission. She is currently serving as Co-chair for the Anthropometry Technical Committee for the International Ergonomics Association. She received her PhD. from the University Polytechnic of Valencia in 2023 with research about fit and clothing size prediction from anthropometry.

Karen Bredenkamp currently heads up the Human Factors team at Magic Leap Inc. Karen has more than 20 years’ industry experience in anthropometry survey design, data collection, analysis, and implementation in wearable product and workstation design, as well as wearable product fit research as part of the product selection or development processes. Between 2000 – 2016 Karen was employed at Ergonomics Technology, a division of the Armaments Corporation of South Africa (ARMSCOR), where she had a core role in the establishment of the 3D whole-body and foot Anthropometry databases for the ethnically diverse and unique South African National Defence Force (SANDF) population. Her activities furthermore involved providing anthropometry and fit inputs and evaluation support for product design as well as purchasing of SANDF clothing, footwear, protective wearable products, workstations, and occupant environments. She also has worked in the transportation, mining and commercial industries. Karen is currently serving as Co-chair for the Anthropometry Technical Committee for the International Ergonomics Association. She has an MSc in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Cape Town and an BEng in Mechanical Engineering from Stellenbosch University, South Africa.