As archaeologists unearth the past, they seek meaning or purpose for the objects they uncover by looking at the objects themselves and their archaeological context. Art historians, on the other hand, primarily focus on aesthetics, asking why a particular object stimulates our senses, and what that tells us about ourselves. From Ancient to Modern of

6 Letter from Julian Siggers Williams Director, University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology 8 Letter from Roger S. Bagnall Leon Levy, Director, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World 10 Acknowledgments Jennifer Y. Chi, Exhibitions Director and Chief Curator, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World 16 From Ancient to Modern: A Chronology 20 Map 22 1 Glam-UR-ous: The Art of Archaeology and Aesthetics Jennifer Y. Chi, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World Pedro Azara, Polytechnic University of Catalonia 54 2 The Golden Image of Archaeology before the Second World War Pedro Azara, Polytechnic University of Catalonia Marc Marin, Polytechnic University of Catalonia 86 3 Magnificent with Jewels: Puabi, Queen of Ur William B. Hafford, University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Richard L. Zettler, University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology 106 4 Puabi's Diadem(s): The Deconstruction of a Mesopotamian Icon Holly Pittman, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Naomi F. Miller, Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania 132 5 What Does Puabi Want (Today)? The Status of Puabi as Image Kim Benzel, The Metropolitan Museum of Art 162 6 Ground to Gallery: The Discovery, Interpretation, and Display of Early Dynastic Sculpture from the Iraq Expedition of the Oriental Institute Jack D. M. Green, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago Jean M. Evans, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago 194 Appendix: Back to the Beginning; The Aesthetics and Allure of Field Records Clemens Reichel, Royal Ontario Museum and the University of Toronto 202 Exhibition Checklist 231 Bibliography 239 Photography and Drawing Credits

"From Ancient to Modern is a fascinating contribution to the study of ancient Near Eastern art, archaeological research and restoration, museum practices, and archaeological heritage at risk. It will not only interest scholars of the ancient Near East, art historians, and museum professionals, but also students, general readers, and the museum-going public."—Karen S. Rubinson, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University

"This thought-provoking book addresses critical issues concerning how ancient objects inform our knowledge of the past as well as our present. I can't emphasize enough how crucial it is to convey to the public how precarious things are in the modern region of ancient Mesopotamia and how each object in this catalog is a miracle of survival, discovery, and interpretation. The authors of this volume are among the best in their field and their work is of the utmost importance."—Sidney Babcock, The Morgan Library and Museum