Sudan and Sri Lanka are two countries that have experienced protracted internal wars. The consequences of the internal wars of the Sudan and Sri Lanka have been devastating for human and livelihood security and for these two countries' overall development. Both countries have records of failed attempts to resolvetheir conflicts by political means; both have been going through internationally facilitated peace processes which have also been linked to post-conflict development. Each intra-state conflict has its distinct historical, political, economic and cultural characteristics. Yet there are parallels between two developing countries in which post-colonial state formation has become mired in prolonged anti-state armed conflict. This book addresses from different angles and different levels the issues of conflict resolution, peace preparation, people's perceptions of the impact of conflict on their lives, war-induced grievances, relief, vulnerability, poverty, livelihood revival and social mobility, and development.