The central promise of BCI technology is enabling severely impaired people in mobility, grasping, communication, and entertainment. Successful applications are for instance communication devices enabling locked-in patients in staying in contact with their environment, or prostheses enabling paralysed people in reaching and grasping.

Introduction; Gerd Grübler and Elisabeth Hildt.- Part I: Applications.- Brain‑Computer Interfaces and Assistive Technology; Rüdiger Rupp , Sonja C. Kleih , Robert Leeb , José del R. Millan, Andrea Kübler and Gernot R. Müller-Putz.- Brain‑Computer Interfaces and Diagnosis; Camille Chatelle, Steven Laureys and Quentin Noirhomme.- Brain‑Computer Interfaces and Therapy; Donatella Mattia and Marco Molinari.- Part II: Stakeholders and Perspectives.- BCI as an Emerging Assistive Technology (AT): The AT Professionals’ Perspective; Evert-Jan Hoogerwerf, Lorenzo Desideri, Massimiliano Malavasi, Matteo Rimondini and Mick Donegan.- Psychological Perspectives: Quality of Life and Motivation; Sonja C. Kleih and Andrea Kübler.- Emerging BCI Opportunities from a Market Perspective; Christoph Guger, Brendan Z. Allison and Günter Edlinger.- Between Neuro-potentials and Aesthetic Perception. Pingo Ergo Sum; Adi Hoesle.- My BCI Vision; Sonja Balmer.- The Users’ Perspective; Various Authors.- Relatives‘ report.- Part III: Reflections.- A Tour of Some Brain/Neuronal–Computer Interfaces; Kevin Warwick.- Philosophical Reflections on Brain–Computer Interfaces; Guglielmo Tamburrini.- Brain–Computer Interfaces and User Responsibility; Fiachra O'Brolchain and Bert Gordijn.- On Human–Computer Interaction in Brain–Computer Interfaces; Gerd Grübler and Elisabeth Hildt.- BCI and a User’s Judgment of Agency;  Rutger Vlek, Jan-Philip van Acken, Evine Beursken, Linsey Roijendijk and Pim Haselager.

This volume summarizes the ethical, social and cultural contexts of interfacing brains and computers. It is intended for the interdisciplinary community of BCI stakeholders. Insofar, engineers, neuroscientists, psychologists, physicians, care-givers and also users and their relatives are concerned. For about the last twenty years brain-computer-interfaces (BCIs) have been investigated with increasing intensity and have in principle shown their potential to be useful tools in diagnostics, rehabilitation and assistive technology. The central promise of BCI technology is enabling severely impaired people in mobility, grasping, communication, and entertainment. Successful applications are for instance communication devices enabling locked-in patients in staying in contact with their environment, or prostheses enabling paralysed people in reaching and grasping. In addition to this, it serves as an introduction to the whole field of BCI for any interested reader. ​

Serves as an introduction to the field of brain-computer interfacing Provides insights in the different perspectives of BCI researchers, developers and users Summarizes ethical, social and legal implications of BCIs Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras